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Study guide

CFP® Certification Examination

The complete syllabus, taught chapter by chapter.

Questions
170
Time
360minutes
Mark
70%our target
Edition
2026

Single-user licence. You may print this file and write on it. You may not redistribute, resell or post it. © Sitonce 2026.

Sitonce wordmark, cobalt

CFP® Certification Examination

Study guide, 2026 edition.

Published by
Sitonce. sitonce.com
Edition
2026. Regulations current at this edition
Licence
Single-user. You may print this file and write on it. You may not redistribute, resell or post it.
Not affiliated
Sitonce is not affiliated with, endorsed by or approved by the exam authority named on the cover. Marks belong to their owners.
Corrections
Report anything that looks wrong to [email protected] and it is fixed in the next edition.

Preface

How to use this guide

The complete syllabus for the CFP® Certification Examination. Read all 8 chapters and you have been taught every one of the 59 subtopics the examiner tests.

Read it against the paper's weights

The next chapter, The exam at a glance, is what makes the rest of this book useful. It says how many questions each topic carries, and the study plan on the page after converts those weights into hours. Two topics carry 60 of 170 marks between them; the lightest carries 12. Time spent should follow that, not the order the chapters happen to be printed in.

Practice questions

Once you have read a chapter, drill on it. 850 practice questions live on the Sitonce website (sitonce.com). They adapt to what you keep getting wrong, keep a notebook of your own mistakes, and explain each miss against the option you actually chose. That adaptation is where the website earns its place; a paper file cannot do it.

Then sit the mocks

When you have worked through the chapters and the practice questions, sit the five mock papers that ship alongside this book. Each carries its answer key at the back of the same file. Sit them the way you will sit the real one - a mock done in pieces over three evenings measures your notes, not your recall.

The exam at a glance

CFP Exam

Everything about the exam itself: what it is, how it runs, what it costs, and how it is scored. Read this before you plan your revision.

AuthorityCertified Financial Planner Board of Standards, Inc. (CFP Board)
Delivered byPrometric
FormatMultiple choice, computer-based, closed book. Two three-hour sessions of 85 questions, with stand-alone questions, short scenarios and case studies
LanguageEnglish
Questions170
Time360 minutes
SittingsThree testing windows a year - March, July and November
FeeUSD 925 (retake USD 925)
ResultsPass or fail, by secure email within four weeks of the window closing
Validity -
EligibilityThree requirements. Only the coursework has to be finished before you sit.
  • Bachelor's degree in any discipline (may be completed within 5 years AFTER passing the exam).
  • CFP Board Registered Program coursework - must be completed BEFORE sitting. Averages 12 - 18 months.
  • 6,000 hours of professional experience, or 4,000 hours of apprenticeship. May be completed before or after the exam.

The mark and what it means

70% is our readiness target, not a published pass mark.

Pass mark vs pass rate

CFP Board does not publish a passing score. The commonly-quoted figure (around 60-70%) is the pass RATE - the share of candidates who passed a sitting - not the mark you need. Our readiness target is measured against our own question bank.

The blueprint

The paper is drawn to fixed weights per topic. This is the arithmetic behind the study plan on the next page:

Ch.TopicMarksShare
1Retirement Savings and Income Planning3118%
2Investment Planning2917%
3General Principles of Financial Planning2515%
4Tax Planning2414%
5Risk Management and Insurance Planning1911%
6Estate Planning1710%
7Professional Conduct and Regulation138%
8Psychology of Financial Planning127%
Total170100%

Study plan

Spend time in proportion to the marks

The commonest wrong strategy is to spend equal time on every chapter. The paper is not weighted equally; the plan should not be either. The share column below is what matters; the hours column applies a 40-hour reference total for scale.

Ch.ChapterWeightof 40 h
1Retirement Savings and Income Planning18%7 h
2Investment Planning17%7 h
3General Principles of Financial Planning15%6 h
4Tax Planning14%6 h
5Risk Management and Insurance Planning11%4 h
6Estate Planning10%4 h
7Professional Conduct and Regulation8%3 h
8Psychology of Financial Planning7%3 h
Total100%40 h

Whatever total time you decide on for this paper, allocate this share of it to each chapter. Pick the total from your own baseline: how many marks you dropped the first time you attempted a mock, and how many hours a week you can give it.

How to work through this book

  1. Read. Read every chapter once, in order. Do not attempt any questions yet. Skim rather than memorise on the first read; the second read will do that.
  2. Drill. Sit the practice questions on the Sitonce website (sitonce.com), area by area. Come back to this book for anything you got wrong and re-read the section it belongs to.
  3. Sit the mocks. One mock paper a week for the last five weeks, sat under timed conditions with the answer key put aside. Mark it against the key on the same day and diagnose what you missed against the section it came from.

Contents

  1. iPrefaceHow to use this guide
  2. iiThe exam at a glanceFormat, fee, mark, blueprint
  3. iiiStudy planWeight-hour allocation and a three-step approach
  4. 1 Retirement Savings and Income PlanningRetirement needs analysis · Social Security and Medicare · Qualified plans - types and rules · IRAs, SEP and SIMPLE · Distribution rules, RMDs and the early-distribution penalty · Plan selection for a business owner · Retirement income strategies and sequence risk 31 of 170 marks
    27 sections
  5. 2 Investment PlanningRisk, return and the risk measures · Time value of money applications · Asset classes and vehicles · Portfolio theory and diversification · Asset allocation and rebalancing · Investment strategies and styles · Performance measurement and attribution · Taxation of investment vehicles 29 of 170 marks
    26 sections
  6. 3 General Principles of Financial PlanningThe financial planning process · Financial statements and cash flow · Budgeting and emergency fund · Debt management · Financing strategies · Economic concepts · Time value of money · Education planning and funding 25 of 170 marks
    23 sections
  7. 4 Tax PlanningFundamental tax law and the calculation of income tax · Characteristics and income taxation of business entities · Basis and the step-up at death · Capital gains and losses · Tax reduction and management techniques · Alternative minimum tax · Tax consequences of property transactions · Charitable contributions and deductions 24 of 170 marks
    21 sections
  8. 5 Risk Management and Insurance PlanningPrinciples of risk and insurance · Analysis and evaluation of risk exposures · Health, disability and long-term care insurance · Life insurance - types, uses and taxation · Property and casualty insurance · Annuities · Insurance needs analysis · Business uses of insurance 19 of 170 marks
    17 sections
  9. 6 Estate PlanningProperty titling and beneficiary designations · Wills, probate and intestacy · Trusts - types and uses · Gift and estate tax · Marital and charitable deductions · Incapacity planning · Business succession · Estate planning for non-traditional relationships 17 of 170 marks
    15 sections
  10. 7 Professional Conduct and RegulationCFP Board Code of Ethics and Standards of Conduct · The fiduciary duty and when it applies · CFP Board's disciplinary process · Financial services regulation and licensing · Investment Advisers Act and adviser registration · Consumer protection and privacy 13 of 170 marks
    12 sections
  11. 8 Psychology of Financial PlanningClient and planner attitudes, values and biases · Behavioural finance and cognitive biases · Sources of money conflict · Principles of counselling and communication · Crisis events with severe consequences · Client money scripts and resistance to change 12 of 170 marks
    11 sections

Chapter 1

Retirement Savings and Income Planning

31 of 170 marks 18% of the paper 27 sections

The largest domain at 18% of the paper. It runs from sizing the target, through the plans and accounts that fill it, to the distribution rules that govern what comes out and the strategies that make it last.

Learning objectives

By the end of this chapter you will be able to explain:

  1. Retirement needs analysis
  2. Social Security and Medicare
  3. Qualified plans - types and rules
  4. IRAs, SEP and SIMPLE
  5. Distribution rules, RMDs and the early-distribution penalty
  6. Plan selection for a business owner
  7. Retirement income strategies and sequence risk

In this chapter

  1. 1.1What a needs analysis is actually calculating
  2. 1.2The four assumptions, and which one moves the answer most
  3. 1.3Estimating the spending, and the resources that reduce it
  4. 1.4Presenting a projection honestly
  5. 1.5How the Social Security benefit is built
  6. 1.6Claiming: the reduction, the credits and the family
  7. 1.7The earnings test and the taxation of benefits
  8. 1.8Medicare: the four parts and what each covers
  9. 1.9Medicare enrolment, and the two permanent penalties
  10. 1.10Defined benefit and defined contribution: who carries the risk
  11. 1.11Coverage, testing and the vocabulary that goes with them
  12. 1.12The fiduciary duties attached to a plan
  13. 1.13Loans, hardship and the other in-plan mechanics
  14. 1.14403(b), 457(b) and the non-qualified alternative
  15. 1.15Traditional and Roth IRAs: the two decisions
  16. 1.16Conversions, the pro-rata rule and the five-year clocks
  17. 1.17SEP and SIMPLE: the small employer accounts
  18. 1.18What an IRA may not do
  19. 1.19The early distribution penalty and its exceptions
  20. 1.20Required minimum distributions in the owner's lifetime
  21. 1.21Beneficiaries: the ten-year rule and who escapes it
  22. 1.22The distribution mechanics people get wrong
  23. 1.23Contributions and distributions can happen in the same year
  24. 1.24Choosing a plan for a business owner
  25. 1.25The self-employed contribution calculation
  26. 1.26Sequence risk, and why it only exists in decumulation
  27. 1.27Withdrawal strategies and the order of accounts

1.1What a needs analysis is actually calculating

A retirement needs analysis answers one question: what capital must exist on the retirement date so that a defined stream of spending can be met for as long as it is needed. Everything else is an input to that.

Two established methods. The capitalisation of earnings, or human life value, approach capitalises the income the client would have earned. The needs approach starts instead from what the household will spend and subtracts the resources already in place. The needs approach dominates in retirement work because it asks about spending rather than earning.

Three approaches to what remains at the end. Capital utilisation spends the portfolio down to nothing by the end of the plan. Capital preservation leaves the original capital intact in nominal terms. Purchasing power preservation leaves it intact in real terms. Each requires more capital than the one before it.

Which to use is a client decision, not a technical one. A client with no bequest motive and a conservative life expectancy assumption can use capital utilisation; one who wants to leave something cannot.

The output is a single number with a date attached, and it is only as good as the assumptions underneath it. That is why the next block is about the assumptions rather than the arithmetic.

The rest of this study guide comes with the course

CFP Exam: the whole syllabus taught, the questions that test it, 5 timed mocks, and all 6 PDFs to print.