Worked explanations
The paper carries one for every question, at the back. These are the three above.
Q1
A
Ch. 2: II. Policy riders, provisions, options and exclusions (life)
Answer: A - The policy at an increased premium reflecting the additional risk
Because An insurer facing a known extra risk has three moves: decline, exclude the risk by rider, or accept it and charge for it. A flat extra premium is common for aviation and it is often removed later if the insured stops flying.
Where the other options lead
- B.Assuming an activity is either excluded or ignored. Where an insurer will cover the risk it charges for it. A flat extra premium is the usual mechanism.
- C.Inventing a benefit reduction as an underwriting response. Insurers respond with an exclusion rider or a rating, not by scaling the benefit up and down with the insured's activities.
- D.Confusing an underwriting response with the suicide or contestable periods. Waiting periods of that kind belong to the suicide clause, not to hazardous activity underwriting.
Q2
A
Ch. 6: VI. Policy provisions, clauses and riders (accident and health)
Answer: A - The amount of covered expense the insured absorbs before the insurer becomes liable to pay anything at all under the terms of the policy
Because The deductible is the first slice and the insured owns it. Everything else in the cost sharing structure - coinsurance, out-of-pocket maximums, benefit maximums - is applied to what is left after that slice has been taken.
Where the other options lead
- B.Describing coinsurance. A percentage share is coinsurance. A deductible is a fixed amount that comes off the front of the claim.
- C.Confusing the word with a premium set-off. Deducting unpaid premium from a claim is a feature of the grace period. A deductible is a cost sharing amount.
- D.Confusing a deductible with a benefit maximum. A cap on what the insurer pays is a benefit maximum. A deductible sits at the other end of the claim.
Q3
D
Ch. 7: VII. Social insurance
Answer: D - Someone entitled to Medicare and also qualifying for Medicaid on financial grounds
Because A dual eligible has both. In practice the means tested program picks up premiums and cost sharing the contributory one leaves, and covers services such as long term care that the contributory program does not reach. It is worth recognizing because it changes what a client needs to buy privately, which is often nothing.
Where the other options lead
- A.Reading dual as the two parts of one program. Holding both parts of that program is ordinary. Dual eligibility means qualifying under two separate programs.
- B.Reading dual as any two sources of coverage. Two sources of coverage raise a question of which pays first. Dual eligibility is a defined status across the two public programs.
- C.Reading dual as two states rather than two programs. A person is enrolled in one state program. The term describes eligibility under two different programs.